EPS
Pierre Lescuyer and Thierry Lucidarme
Both of Alcatel-Lucent, France
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester,West Sussex PO19 8SQ, EnglandTelephone (þ44) 1243 779777
 |
| Evolved Packet System |
Contents
Preface xi
1 Introduction
1.1 Wireless World Picture 1
1.2 About Technologies 3
1.2.1 Heterogeneous 2G Systems 4
1.2.2 ‘MAP’ and ‘IS-41’ Systems 4
1.2.3 The MAP Technologies 6
1.2.4 The IS-41 Technologies 9
1.3 Standards and Organizations 12
1.3.1 The Role of ITU 12
1.3.2 3G Cross-Country Standardization Bodies 13
1.3.3 The Structure of 3GPP 14
1.3.4 The NGN Evolution 17
1.3.5 The NGMN Initiative 18
1.4 Spectrum 20
1.5 The Evolution of UMTS 21
1.5.1 1st Evolution Driver: The Move towards Data Applications 21
1.5.2 2nd Evolution Driver: Enhanced Radio Interface
Capabilities 23
1.5.3 What Will Change Within the Network? 23
1.5.4 What is Described in this Book? 24
1.6 Links and Documents 24
1.6.1 Useful Web Sites 24
1.6.2 Evolved UMTS Specifications 24
2 Evolved UMTS Overview
2.1 The Access Network Requirements 27
2.1.1 Radio Interface Throughput 28
2.1.2 Data Transmission Latency 28
2.1.3 Terminal State Transition 29
2.1.4 Mobility 30
2.1.5 Spectrum Flexibility 30
2.1.6 Co-existence and Inter-Working with Existing UMTS 31
2.2 Evolved UMTS Concepts 31
2.2.1 A Packet-Only Architecture 32
2.2.2 A Shared Radio Interface 35
2.2.3 Other Access Technologies 35
2.3 Overall Evolved UMTS Architecture 36
2.3.1 E-UTRAN: The Evolved Access Network 37
2.3.2 EPC: The Evolved Packet Core Network 39
2.3.3 The HSS 47
2.4 The IMS Subsystem 50
2.4.1 The Session Control Function 50
2.4.2 The Media Gateway Nodes 52
2.5 Policy Control and Charging 53
2.5.1 Policy Control in UMTS 53
2.5.2 Evolved UMTS Policy Control 57
2.5.3 The Charging Architecture 57
2.6 The Terminal 61
2.6.1 The User Device Architecture 61
2.6.2 Terminal Capabilities 63
2.6.3 The Subscriber Module 63
2.7 The Evolved UMTS Interfaces 68
2.8 Major Disruptions with 3G UTRAN-FDD Networks 68
2.8.1 About Soft Handover 68
2.8.2 About Compressed Mode 71
2.8.3 About Dedicated Channels 72
3 Physical Layer of E-UTRAN
3.1 Basic Concepts of Evolved 3G Radio Interface 75
3.2 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) 76
3.2.1 OFDMA Multiple Access 80
3.2.2 MC-CDMA Multiple Access 82
3.2.3 Common Points between OFDM, CDMA, MC-CDMA, etc. 82
3.2.4 Frequency Stability Considerations for OFDM Systems 84
3.2.5 System Load in OFDMA Systems 84
3.2.6 SC-FDMA: The PAPR (Peak-Average-Power-Ratio) Problem 85
3.2.7 Dimensioning an OFDM System 89
3.3 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) 91
3.3.1 Traditional Beamforming 91
3.3.2 MIMO Channel and Capacity 92
3.3.3 A Simplified View of MIMO 2.2 96
3.3.4 The Harmonious Coupling between OFDM and MIMO 97
3.3.5 MIMO: A Classification Attempt 98
3.3.6 Some Classical Open Loop MIMO Schemes 99
3.3.7 Notions of Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) 102
3.3.8 MIMO Schemes and Link Adaptation 103
3.3.9 Improving MIMO with Some Feedback 104
3.3.10 MU-MIMO, Virtual MIMO and Transmit Diversity 107
3.3.11 Towards a Generalized Downlink Scheme 108
3.4 Architecture of the Base Station 109
3.4.1 The Block Scheme of the Base Station 109
3.4.2 The Analogue-to-Digital Conversion 111
3.4.3 Power Amplification (PA) Basics 113
3.4.4 Cellular Antennas Basics 114
3.5 The E-UTRAN Physical Layer Standard 118
3.6 FDD and TDD Arrangement for E-UTRAN 118
3.6.1 A Word about Interferences in TDD Mode 119
3.6.2 Some Basic Physical Parameters 120
3.6.3 TDD and Existing UTRAN Compatibility 121
3.6.4 Combined FDD-TDD Mode 122
3.7 Downlink Scheme: OFDMA (FDD/TDD) 122
3.7.1 Downlink Physical Channels and Signals 124
3.7.2 Physical Signal Transmitter Architecture 125
3.7.3 Downlink Data Multiplexing 126
3.7.4 Scrambling 130
3.7.5 Modulation Scheme 130
3.7.6 Downlink Scheduling Information and Uplink Grant 132
3.7.7 Channel Coding 132
3.7.8 OFDM Signal Generation 132
3.7.9 Downlink MIMO 133
3.7.10 Channels Layer Mapping, Precoding and Mapping
to Resource Elements 137
3.7.11 E-MBMS Concepts 140
3.7.12 Downlink Link Adaptation 143
3.7.13 HARQ 143
3.7.14 Downlink Packet Scheduling 146
3.7.15 Cell Search and Acquisition 148
3.7.16 Methods of Limiting the Inter-Cell Interference 153
3.7.17 Downlink Physical Layer Measurements 155
3.8 Uplink Scheme: SC-FDMA (FDD/TDD) 156
3.8.1 Uplink Physical Channel and Signals 156
3.8.2 SC-FDMA 156
3.8.3 Uplink Subframe Structure 157
3.8.4 Resource Grid 159
3.8.5 PUSCH Physical Characteristics 160
3.8.6 PUCCH Physical Characteristics 161
3.8.7 Uplink Multiplexing Including Reference Signals 162
3.8.8 Reference Signals 162
3.8.9 Multiplexing of L1/L2 Control Signalling 163
3.8.10 Channel Coding and Physical Channel Mapping 164
3.8.11 SC-FDMA Signal Generation 164
3.8.12 The Random Access Channel 164
3.8.13 Uplink-Downlink Frame Timing 168
3.8.14 Scheduling 168
3.8.15 Link Adaptation 168
3.8.16 Uplink HARQ 169
4 Evolved UMTS Architecture
4.1 Overall Architecture 171
4.1.1 Evolved UMTS Node Features 172
4.1.2 E-UTRAN Network Interfaces 176
4.1.3 S1 Interface 177
4.1.4 S1 Flexibility 181
4.1.5 X2 Interface 183
4.2 User and Control Planes 184
4.2.1 User Plane Architecture 184
4.2.2 Control Plane Architecture 188
4.3 Radio Interface Protocols 189
4.3.1 The E-UTRAN Radio Layered Architecture 189
4.3.2 The Radio Channels 190
4.3.3 PHY 194
4.3.4 MAC 196
4.3.5 RLC 197
4.3.6 RRC 198
4.3.7 PDCP 200
4.3.8 NAS Protocols 206
4.4 IMS Protocols 209
4.4.1 The IMS Protocol Stack 210
4.4.2 SIP 210
4.4.3 SDP 220
4.4.4 RTP 223
4.4.5 A SIP/SDP IMS Example 227
5 Life in EPS Networks
5.1 Network Attachment 229
5.1.1 Broadcast of System Information 230
5.1.2 Cell Selection 231
5.1.3 The Initial Access 232
5.1.4 Registration 236
5.1.5 De-registration 240
5.2 Communication Sessions 241
5.2.1 Terminal States 241
5.2.2 Quality of Service in Evolved UMTS 245
5.2.3 Security Overview 249
5.2.4 User Security in EPS 253
5.2.5 User Security in IMS 260
5.2.6 Session Setup 261
5.2.7 Data Transmission 265
5.3 Mobility in IDLE Mode 266
5.3.1 Cell Reselection Principles 266
5.3.2 Terminal Location Management 266
5.3.3 Tracking Area Update 269
5.4 Mobility in ACTIVE Mode 270
5.4.1 Intra-E-UTRAN Mobility with X2 Support 272
5.4.2 Intra-E-UTRAN Mobility without X2 Support 274
5.4.3 Intra-E-UTRAN Mobility with EPC Node Relocation 276
5.4.4 Mobility between 2G/3G Packet and E-UTRAN 278
6 The Services
6.1 The Role of OMA 281
6.2 Push-to-talk Over Cellular 282
6.2.1 Service Architecture 284
6.2.2 PoC Protocol Suite 287
6.2.3 An Example of PoC Session Setup 289
6.2.4 Charging Aspects 292
6.3 Presence 294
6.3.1 Service Architecture 294
6.3.2 An Example of a Presence Session 295
6.3.3 Charging Aspects 297
6.4 Broadcast and Multicast 298
6.4.1 Some Definitions 298
6.4.2 Typical Applications 299
6.4.3 Service Architecture 299
6.4.4 MBMS Security 303
6.4.5 The MBMS Service Steps 305
6.4.6 The E-UTRAN Aspects of MBMS 307
6.4.7 Charging Aspects 307
6.5 Voice and Multimedia Telephony 309
6.5.1 About Circuit and Packet Voice Support 309
6.5.2 Service Architecture 312
6.5.3 About Information Coding 313
6.5.4 About Supplementary Services 317
6.5.5 Multimedia Services in EPS Systems 320
Glossary 323
Index 335
Introduction
This chapter is an introduction to the evolution of UMTS systems, also known as EPS
(Evolved Packet System). It provides a picture of current wireless and cellular communications,
as an introduction to the requirements and motivations for Evolved 3G systems, which
are the subject of the next chapter.
This chapter presents the following elements:
- . A brief history of digital cellular systems, from 2G to the latest 3G evolutions.
- . The evolution of the subscriber base.
- . The various organizations which are supporting 3G and Evolved 3G system specifications.
- . An overview of the spectrum usage.
- . A list of Web links and documents directly connected to Evolved UMTS.
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Product details
Price
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|---|---|
File Size
| 7,078 KB |
Pages
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353 p |
File Type
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PDF format |
ISBN
| 978-0-470-05976-0 (HB) |
Copyright
| 2008 John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
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