Networking for Dummies, 7th Edition

The Bestselling Networking Beginner book_now revised and updated!

by Doug Lowe

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Book Details

Price	2.50
Pages	435 p
File Size	9,461 KB
File Type	PDF format
ISBN	0-7645-7583-X
Copyright©	2005 by Wiley Publishing, Inc

About the Author

Doug Lowe has written a whole bunch of computer books, including more

than 35 For Dummies books (such as PowerPoint 2003 For Dummies, Word 2003

All-In-One Desk Reference For Dummies, Networking All-In-One Desk Reference

For Dummies, and Internet Explorer 6 For Dummies). He lives in that sunny

All-American City of Fresno, California, which isn’t nearly as close to San

Francisco as most people think, with his wife and two of his daughters

(the other one’s away at college). He’s one of those obsessive-compulsive

decorating nuts who puts up tens of thousands of lights at Christmas and

creates computer-controlled Halloween decorations that rival Disney’s

Haunted Mansion. Maybe his next book should be Tacky Holiday Decorations

For Dummies. (For pictures, check out his Web site at www.LoweWriter.com.)

Introduction

Welcome to the seventh edition of Networking For Dummies, the book

that’s written especially for people who have this nagging feeling in

the back of their minds that they should network their computers but haven’t

a clue as to how to start or where to begin.

Do you often copy a spreadsheet file to a floppy disk and give it to the person

in the next office so that he or she can look at it? Are you frustrated because

you can’t use the fancy laser printer that’s on the financial secretary’s computer?

Do you wait in line to use the computer that has the customer database?

You need a network!

Or maybe you already have a network, but you have just one problem: They

promised that the network would make your life easier, but instead, it’s turned

your computing life upside down. Just when you had this computer thing

figured out, someone popped into your office, hooked up a cable, and said,

“Happy networking!” Makes you want to scream.

Either way, you’ve found the right book. Help is here, within these humble pages.

This book talks about networks in everyday — and often irreverent — terms.

The language is friendly; you don’t need a graduate education to get through

it. And the occasional potshot will help unseat the hallowed and sacred traditions

of networkdom, bringing just a bit of fun to an otherwise dry subject.

The goal is to bring the lofty precepts of networking down to earth where

you can touch them and squeeze them and say, “What’s the big deal? I can do this!”

About This Book

This isn’t the kind of book you pick up and read from start to finish, as if it

were a cheap novel. If I ever see you reading it at the beach, I’ll kick sand in

your face. This book is more like a reference, the kind of book you can pick

up, turn to just about any page, and start reading. It has 30 chapters, each

one covering a specific aspect of networking — such as printing on the network,

hooking up network cables, or setting up security so that bad guys

can’t break in. Just turn to the chapter you’re interested in and start reading.

Each chapter is divided into self-contained chunks, all related to the major

theme of the chapter. For example, the chapter on hooking up the network

cable contains nuggets like these:

What Is Ethernet?

All About Cabling and Stuff

Attaching Connectors to UTP Cable

Hubs and Switches

Wall Jacks and Patch Panels

You don’t have to memorize anything in this book. It’s a “need-to-know”

book: You pick it up when you need to know something. Need to know what

100BaseT is? Pick up the book. Need to know how to create good passwords?

Pick up the book. Otherwise, put it down and get on with your life.

How to Use This Book

This book works like a reference. Start with the topic you want to find out

about. Look for it in the table of contents or in the index to get going. The

table of contents is detailed enough that you should be able to find most

of the topics you’re looking for. If not, turn to the index, where you can find

even more detail.

After you’ve found your topic in the table of contents or the index, turn to the

area of interest and read as much as you need or want. Then close the book

and get on with it.

Of course, the book is loaded with information, so if you want to take a brief

excursion into your topic, you’re more than welcome. If you want to know the

big security picture, read the whole chapter on security. If you just want to

know how to make a decent password, read just the section on passwords.

You get the idea.

If you need to type something, you’ll see the text you need to type like this:

Type this stuff. In this example, you type Type this stuff at the keyboard and

press Enter. An explanation usually follows, just in case you’re scratching

your head and grunting, “Huh?”

Whenever I describe a message or information that you see on the screen, I

present it as follows:

A message from your friendly network

This book rarely directs you elsewhere for information — just about everything

that you need to know about networks is right here. But if you do find

the need for additional information, there are plenty of other For Dummies

books that can help. If you have a networking question that isn’t covered in

this book, allow me to suggest my own Networking All-in-One Desk Reference

For Dummies — it’s a much-expanded reference book that goes deeper into

specific network operating systems and TCP/IP protocols. You can also find

plenty of other For Dummies books that cover just about every operating

system and application program known to humanity.

Table of Contents

Introduction ..................................................................1

About This Book ...............................................................................................1

How to Use This Book ......................................................................................2

What You Don’t Need to Read ........................................................................3

Foolish Assumptions ........................................................................................3

How This Book Is Organized ...........................................................................3

Part I: Getting Started with Networking ...............................................4

Part II: Building Your Own Network .....................................................4

Part III: Network Management For Dummies ......................................4

Part IV: Network Operating Systems ....................................................4

Part V: TCP/IP and the Internet ............................................................5

Part VI: The Part of Tens ........................................................................5

Icons Used in This Book ..................................................................................5

Where to Go from Here ....................................................................................6

Part I: Getting Started with Networking ..........................7

Chapter 1: Networks Will Not Take Over the World, and Other

Network Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

What Is a Network? ........................................................................................10

Why Bother? ....................................................................................................12

Servers and Clients ........................................................................................13

Dedicated Servers and Peers ........................................................................14

The NOS Choice ..............................................................................................15

What Makes a Network Tick? ........................................................................16

It’s Not a Personal Computer Anymore! ......................................................17

The Network Manager ...................................................................................19

What Have They Got That You Don’t Got? ..................................................20

Chapter 2: Life on the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Distinguishing between Local Resources and Network Resources .........21

What’s in a Name? ..........................................................................................22

Logging On to the Network ...........................................................................23

Understanding Shared Folders .....................................................................25

Oh, the Network Places You’ll Go .................................................................26

Mapping Network Drives ...............................................................................28

Four Good Uses for a Shared Folder ............................................................29

Use it to store files that everybody needs ........................................29

Use it to store your own files ..............................................................30

Use it as a pit stop for files on their way to other users .................30

Use it to back up your local hard drive .............................................31

Using a Network Printer ................................................................................31

Logging Off the Network ................................................................................32

Chapter 3: Using a Network Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

What’s So Special about Network Printing? ................................................34

A printer in every port .........................................................................34

Printer configuration ............................................................................35

Spooling and the print queue ..............................................................37

What is a print job? ..............................................................................38

Adding a Network Printer ..............................................................................38

Using a Network Printer ................................................................................40

Playing with the Print Queue ........................................................................41

Using Windows Print Queue Tricks .............................................................42

What to Do When the Printer Jams ..............................................................43

Chapter 4: Sharing Your Files and Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Enabling File and Printer Sharing .................................................................45

Sharing a Hard Drive or Folder .....................................................................47

Sharing a Printer .............................................................................................49

Chapter 5: Mr. McFeeley’s Guide to E-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

E-mail and Why It’s So Cool ...........................................................................51

Sending and receiving e-mail ...............................................................52

Understanding the mail server ...........................................................53

Microsoft Outlook ..........................................................................................54

Sending e-mail .......................................................................................54

Reading your e-mail ..............................................................................56

Dealing with attachments ....................................................................57

E-mail Etiquette ..............................................................................................57

Chapter 6: Using Microsoft Office on a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Installing Office on a Network — Some Options ........................................62

Accessing Network Files ................................................................................62

Using Workgroup Templates .........................................................................64

Networking an Access Database ..................................................................66

Part II: Building Your Own Network .............................67

Chapter 7: The Bad News: You Have to Plan Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

Making a Network Plan ..................................................................................69

Being Purposeful ............................................................................................70

xii Networking For Dummies, 7th Edition

Taking Stock ....................................................................................................71

What you need to know .......................................................................71

Programs that gather information for you ........................................74

To Dedicate, or Not to Dedicate: That Is the Question ..............................75

Types of Servers .............................................................................................75

File servers ............................................................................................76

Print servers ..........................................................................................76

Web servers ...........................................................................................76

Mail servers ...........................................................................................76

Database servers ..................................................................................77

Choosing a Server Operating System ..........................................................77

Planning the Infrastructure ...........................................................................78

Drawing Diagrams ..........................................................................................78

Sample Network Plans ...................................................................................80

Building a small network: California Sport Surface, Inc. .................80

Connecting two networks: Creative Course Development, Inc. .....82

Improving network performance: DCH Accounting .........................84

Chapter 8: Understanding Network Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . .87

Network Operating System Features ...........................................................87

Network support ...................................................................................88

File-sharing services .............................................................................88

Multitasking ...........................................................................................89

Directory services ................................................................................89

Security services ..................................................................................90

Microsoft’s Server Operating Systems ........................................................91

Windows NT 4 Server ...........................................................................91

Windows 2000 Server ...........................................................................92

Windows Server 2003 ...........................................................................94

Novell NetWare ...............................................................................................95

NetWare versions ..................................................................................96

NetWare 6 features ...............................................................................96

NetWare 6.5 ............................................................................................97

Other Server Operating Systems ..................................................................98

Linux .......................................................................................................98

Apple Mac OS X Server ........................................................................98

Peer-to-Peer Networking with Windows ......................................................99

Advantages of peer-to-peer networks ................................................99

Drawbacks of peer-to-peer networks .................................................99

Networking with Windows XP ...........................................................100

Older Windows versions ....................................................................101

Chapter 9: Oh, What a Tangled Web We Weave: Cables,

Adapters, and Other Stuff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

What Is Ethernet? .........................................................................................104

All About Cable .............................................................................................106

Cable categories .................................................................................107

What’s with the pairs? ........................................................................108

Table of Contents xiii

To shield or not to shield ..................................................................108

When to use plenum cable ................................................................109

Sometimes solid, sometimes stranded ............................................109

Installation guidelines ........................................................................110

Getting the tools that you need ........................................................111

Pinouts for twisted-pair cables .........................................................112

Attaching RJ-45 connectors ...............................................................113

Crossover cables ................................................................................115

Wall jacks and patch panels ..............................................................116

Hubs and Switches .......................................................................................117

Hubs or switches? ..............................................................................117

Working with hubs and switches ......................................................118

Daisy-chaining hubs or switches ......................................................119

Network Interface Cards ..............................................................................121

Picking a network interface card ......................................................121

Installing a network card ...................................................................122

Other Network Devices ................................................................................124

Repeaters .............................................................................................124

Bridges .................................................................................................126

Routers .................................................................................................127

Chapter 10: Setting Up a Wireless Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129

Diving into Wireless Networking ................................................................130

A Little High-School Electronics .................................................................131

Waves and frequencies ......................................................................131

Wavelength and antennas ..................................................................132

Getting a spectrum via the FCC ........................................................133

Eight-Oh-Two-Dot-Eleventy Something? (Or, Understanding

Wireless Standards) ..................................................................................134

Home on the Range ......................................................................................135

Wireless Network Adapters ........................................................................136

Wireless Access Points ................................................................................138

Infrastructure mode ..........................................................................138

Multifunction WAPs ............................................................................139

Roaming ...............................................................................................140

Wireless bridging ................................................................................140

Ad-hoc Networks ..........................................................................................141

Configuring a Wireless Access Point ..........................................................141

Securing a Wireless Network ......................................................................143

Understanding wireless security threats .........................................143

Securing your wireless network .......................................................144

Chapter 11: Configuring Client Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147

Configuring Network Connections .............................................................147

Configuring Client Computer Identification ..............................................152

xiv Networking For Dummies, 7th Edition

Configuring Network Logon ........................................................................154

Configuring Wireless Networking ...............................................................155

Part III: Network Management For Dummies ...............159

Chapter 12: Help Wanted: Job Description for a Network

Administrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

What Network Administrators Do ..............................................................161

The Part-Time Administrator ......................................................................163

Documenting the Network ..........................................................................164

Routine Chores .............................................................................................166

Managing Network Users .............................................................................166

Patching Things Up ......................................................................................167

Software Tools for Network Administrators .............................................168

Building a Library .........................................................................................169

Certification ..................................................................................................171

Chapter 13: Big Brother’s Guide to Network Security . . . . . . . . . . . .173

Do You Need Security? .................................................................................174

Two Approaches to Security .......................................................................175

Physical Security: Locking Your Doors ......................................................176

Securing User Accounts ..............................................................................177

Obfuscating your usernames ............................................................177

Using passwords wisely .....................................................................178

Generating Passwords For Dummies ...............................................179

Securing the Administrator account ................................................180

Managing User Security ...............................................................................181

User accounts .....................................................................................181

Built-in accounts .................................................................................182

User rights ...........................................................................................183

Permissions (who gets what) ............................................................184

Group therapy .....................................................................................185

User profiles ........................................................................................185

Logon scripts ......................................................................................186

Hardening Your Network .............................................................................187

Using a firewall ....................................................................................187

Disabling unnecessary services .......................................................187

Patching your servers ........................................................................187

Securing Your Users .....................................................................................188

Chapter 14: If I Could Save Time in a Bottleneck: Optimizing

Your Network’s Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189

Why Administrators Hate Performance Problems ..................................190

What Exactly Is a Bottleneck? .....................................................................191

Table of Contents xv

The Five Most Common Network Bottlenecks .........................................192

The hardware inside your servers ...................................................192

The server’s configuration options ..................................................193

Servers that do too much ..................................................................193

Malfunctioning components .............................................................194

The network infrastructure ...............................................................194

Tuning Your Network the Compulsive Way ..............................................195

Monitoring Network Performance .............................................................196

More Performance Tips ...............................................................................198

Chapter 15: How to Sleep Well at Night (Or, Backing Up Your

Network Data) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199

Planning for Disaster ....................................................................................199

Backing Up Your Data ..................................................................................201

All About Tapes and Tape Drives ...............................................................201

Backup Software ...........................................................................................203

Types of Backups .........................................................................................203

Normal backups ..................................................................................204

Copy backups ......................................................................................205

Daily backups ......................................................................................206

Incremental backups ..........................................................................206

Differential backups ...........................................................................207

Local versus Network Backups ..................................................................207

How Many Sets of Backups Should You Keep? .........................................208

A Word About Tape Reliability ...................................................................210

About Cleaning the Heads ...........................................................................211

Backup Security ............................................................................................211

Chapter 16: Major Annoyances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213

Contending with Virus Threats ...................................................................213

What is a virus? ...................................................................................213

Antivirus programs ............................................................................215

Safe computing ...................................................................................216

Dealing with Dysfunctional E-mail ..............................................................217

The dreaded nondelivery report ......................................................217

Viewing the mail server’s error logs ................................................219

How to view message headers ..........................................................219

How to deal with spam ......................................................................219

Help! I’ve been blacklisted! ................................................................220

Chapter 17: Network Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223

When Bad Things Happen to Good Computers .......................................224

How to Fix Dead Computers .......................................................................225

Ways to Check a Network Connection .......................................................226

A Bunch of Error Messages Just Flew By! .................................................227

xvi Networking For Dummies, 7th Edition

Double-Checking Your Network Settings ...................................................228

Using the Windows Networking Troubleshooter .....................................228

Time to Experiment ......................................................................................229

Who’s on First? .............................................................................................230

How to Restart a Client Computer .............................................................231

Restarting Network Services ......................................................................233

How to Restart a Network Server ...............................................................234

Looking at Event Logs ..................................................................................236

Documenting Your Trials and Tribulations ...............................................236

Chapter 18: How to Stay on Top of Your Network and Keep the

Users Off Your Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

Training Your Users .....................................................................................239

Organizing a Library ....................................................................................240

Keeping Up with the Computer Industry ..................................................241

The Guru Needs a Guru, Too ......................................................................242

Helpful Bluffs and Excuses ..........................................................................242

Part IV: Network Operating Systems ...........................245

Chapter 19: Windows Server 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

Installing and Configuring Windows Server 2003 .....................................247

Planning for installation .....................................................................248

Before You Install . . . ..........................................................................250

Running Setup .....................................................................................251

Completing the installation ...............................................................252

Managing User Accounts .............................................................................253

Understanding Windows User Accounts .........................................254

Creating a New User ...........................................................................255

Setting user properties ......................................................................257

Resetting user passwords .................................................................259

Deleting a User ....................................................................................260

Working with groups ..........................................................................260

Managing a File Server .................................................................................263

Understanding permissions ..............................................................263

Understanding shares ........................................................................264

Configuring the file-server role .........................................................265

Sharing a folder from the File Server Manager ...............................266

Granting permissions .........................................................................268

Troubleshooting ...........................................................................................270

Using the Event Viewer ......................................................................270

Using the Computer Management Console .....................................271

Working with services ........................................................................272

Table of Contents xvii

Chapter 20: NetWare 6 and 6.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275

Planning a NetWare Installation ..................................................................275

Installing NetWare ........................................................................................277

Installing Client Software .............................................................................278

Looking at Novell’s Administration Tools .................................................279

ConsoleOne .........................................................................................279

Web Manager .......................................................................................280

eDirectory Administration ................................................................281

Remote Manager .................................................................................282

iManager ..............................................................................................283

RConsoleJ ............................................................................................284

Managing NetWare Users .............................................................................285

Understanding User Accounts ..........................................................285

The admin object ................................................................................286

Creating a new user ............................................................................286

Resetting user passwords .................................................................288

Creating NetWare Login Scripts ..................................................................288

Understanding login scripts ..............................................................289

Creating login scripts .........................................................................290

Working with login-script commands ..............................................291

Chapter 21: Using a Linux Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297

Comparing Linux with Windows ................................................................298

Choosing a Linux Distribution ....................................................................300

Installing Linux .............................................................................................301

On Again, Off Again ......................................................................................302

Logging on ...........................................................................................302

Logging off ...........................................................................................303

Shutting down .....................................................................................304

Using GNOME ................................................................................................304

Getting to a Command Shell ........................................................................305

Managing User Accounts .............................................................................306

Network Configuration ................................................................................307

Using the Red Hat Network Configuration program ......................307

Restarting your network ....................................................................308

Doing the Samba Dance ...............................................................................309

Understanding Samba ........................................................................309

Installing Samba ..................................................................................310

Starting and stopping Samba ............................................................311

Using the Red Hat Samba Server Configuration tool .....................312

Chapter 22: Macintosh Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

What You Need to Know to Hook Up a Macintosh Network ...................315

AppleTalk and Open Transport ........................................................315

Mac OS X Server .................................................................................316

xviii Networking For Dummies, 7th Edition

What You Need to Know to Use a Macintosh Network ...........................317

Configuring a Mac for networking ....................................................317

Accessing a network printer .............................................................318

Sharing files with other users ...........................................................319

Accessing shared files ........................................................................319

What You Need to Know to Network Macintoshes with PCs ..................320

Part V: TCP/IP and the Internet ..................................321

Chapter 23: Connecting Your Network to the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . .323

Connecting to the Internet ..........................................................................323

Dial-up connections ............................................................................324

Connecting with cable or DSL ...........................................................324

Connecting with high-speed private lines: T1 and T3 ....................325

Sharing an Internet connection ........................................................326

Securing Your Connection with a Firewall ................................................326

Using a firewall ....................................................................................327

The built-in firewall in Windows XP .................................................328

Chapter 24: Understanding IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331

Understanding Binary ..................................................................................331

Counting by ones ................................................................................331

Doing the logic thing ..........................................................................333

Introducing IP Addresses ............................................................................333

Networks and hosts ............................................................................334

The dotted-decimal dance .................................................................334

Classifying IP addresses ..............................................................................335

Class A addresses ...............................................................................336

Class B addresses ...............................................................................337

Class C addresses ...............................................................................338

Subnetting .....................................................................................................338

Subnets ................................................................................................339

Subnet masks ......................................................................................340

The great subnet roundup .................................................................341

IP block parties ...................................................................................342

Private and public addresses ............................................................343

Network Address Translation .....................................................................343

Chapter 25: Configuring Your Network for DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345

Understanding DHCP ...................................................................................345

Configuration information provided by DHCP ................................346

DHCP servers ......................................................................................346

Table of Contents xix

Understanding Scopes .................................................................................347

Feeling excluded? ...............................................................................348

Reservations suggested .....................................................................348

How long to lease? ..............................................................................349

Managing a Windows Server 2003 DHCP Server ......................................349

Setting up a DHCP server ..................................................................350

Managing a DHCP server ...................................................................350

How to Configure a Windows DHCP Client ...............................................352

Renewing and Releasing Leases .................................................................352

Part VI: The Part of Tens ............................................353

Chapter 26: Ten Big Network Mistakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355

Skimping on Cable ........................................................................................355

Turning Off or Restarting a Server Computer While Users Are

Logged On ..................................................................................................356

Deleting Important Files on the Server ......................................................357

Copying a File from the Server, Changing It, and Then Copying

It Back .........................................................................................................357

Sending Something to the Printer Again Just Because It Didn’t

Print the First Time ..................................................................................358

Unplugging a Cable While the Computer Is On ........................................358

Assuming That the Server Is Safely Backed Up ........................................358

Connecting to the Internet without Considering Security Issues ..........359

Plugging in a Wireless Access Point without Asking ...............................359

Thinking You Can’t Work Just Because the Network Is Down ................360

Always Blaming the Network ......................................................................360

Chapter 27: Ten Networking Commandments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361

I. Thou Shalt Back Up Thy Hard Drive Religiously ...................................361

II. Thou Shalt Protect Thy Network from Infidels ....................................362

III. Thou Shalt Keepeth Thy Network Drive Pure and Cleanse It

of Old Files .................................................................................................362

IV. Thou Shalt Not Tinker with Thine Network Configuration Unless

Thou Knowest What Thou Art Doing .....................................................362

V. Thou Shalt Not Covet Thy Neighbor’s Network ...................................363

VI. Thou Shalt Schedule Downtime before Working upon

Thy Network ..............................................................................................363

VII. Thou Shalt Keep an Adequate Supply of Spare Parts .......................363

VIII. Thou Shalt Not Steal Thy Neighbor’s Program without

a License ....................................................................................................364

IX. Thou Shalt Train Thy Users in the Ways of the Network ..................364

X. Thou Shalt Write Down Thy Network Configuration upon Tablets

of Stone ......................................................................................................364

xx Networking For Dummies, 7th Edition

Chapter 28: Ten Things You Should Keep in Your Closet . . . . . . . . . .365

Duct Tape ......................................................................................................365

Tools ...............................................................................................................366

Extra Cable ....................................................................................................366

Extra Connectors ..........................................................................................366

Patch Cables .................................................................................................366

Twinkies .........................................................................................................367

Extra Network Cards ....................................................................................367

The Complete Documentation of the Network on Tablets of Stone ......367

The Network Manuals and Disks ................................................................368

Ten Copies of This Book ..............................................................................368

Chapter 29: Ten Network Gizmos Only Big Networks Need . . . . . . .369

Repeaters .......................................................................................................370

Managed Switches ........................................................................................371

Bridges ...........................................................................................................372

Gateways .......................................................................................................373

It’s a RAID! .....................................................................................................373

Server Farms .................................................................................................374

Gigabit Ethernet ............................................................................................375

Storage Area Networks ................................................................................375

Protocol Analyzer .........................................................................................375

Chapter 30: Ten Layers of the OSI Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377

Layer 1: The Physical Layer ........................................................................378

Layer 2: The Data Link Layer ......................................................................378

Layer 3: The Network Layer ........................................................................379

Layer 4: The Transport Layer .....................................................................380

Layer 4a: The Lemon-Pudding Layer .........................................................381

Layer 5: The Session Layer .........................................................................381

Layer 6: The Presentation Layer ................................................................381

Layer 7: The Application Layer ..................................................................381

Index ........................................................................383

Bookscreen

What You Don’t Need to Read

A side from the topics you can use right away, much of this book is skippable.

I’ve carefully placed extra-technical information in self-contained sidebars

and clearly marked them so you can steer clear of them. Don’t read this stuff

unless you’re really into technical explanations and want to know a little of

what’s going on behind the scenes. Don’t worry; my feelings won’t be hurt if

you don’t read every word.